What does "discovery" refer to in legal proceedings?

In legal proceedings, "discovery" specifically refers to a crucial phase in which parties exchange relevant information and evidence related to the case. During the discovery process, both sides can gather evidence, which may include documents, depositions, interrogatories, and admissions that are pertinent to building their respective arguments. This exchange is vital for ensuring that both parties are aware of the evidence and claims that may be presented at trial, promoting transparency and allowing for a fair litigation process.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of discovery. For example, making a formal request to the court is typically associated with motions and pleadings, while methods for settling disputes out of court relate to alternative dispute resolution. Lastly, the final judgment issued by the court pertains to the outcome of the case, occurring after the discovery phase concludes. Hence, the identification of discovery as a phase of information exchange is fundamental to understanding its role and significance within the legal framework.