What is a characteristic of federalism in the U.S.?

Federalism in the U.S. is characterized by the existence of multiple levels of government authority. This structure allows for the division of powers between the national government and the state governments, each having its own responsibilities and areas of jurisdiction. In this system, the national government handles issues that affect the country as a whole, such as defense and foreign policy, while state governments manage local matters like education and transportation.

This dual system of governance is fundamental to the concept of federalism, enabling a balance where both the national and state governments can operate independently yet also cooperate in certain areas. The varying degrees of power and authority at each level are essential for maintaining a structure that accommodates both national interests and the diverse needs of different states.

The other options do not accurately depict aspects of federalism. A single legislative body would imply a centralized government rather than the distribution of power characteristic of federalism. The equal distribution of power among all states is not accurate, as some powers are delegated to the national level, and states vary in their capabilities and resources. Lastly, the separation of church and state pertains more to constitutional law and the First Amendment, rather than directly describing the federalist structure of government.