What is "discovery" in legal proceedings?

"Discovery" in legal proceedings refers to the process through which parties involved in a lawsuit gather evidence from each other before the trial begins. This phase is critical because it allows both sides to understand the facts of the case, assess the strengths and weaknesses of their positions, and prepare accordingly for trial.

During discovery, various tools are utilized, such as interrogatories (written questions), depositions (sworn testimony recorded outside of court), requests for documents, and admissions, all aimed at uncovering relevant information that can impact the outcome of the case. This process helps to promote transparency between the parties and can often lead to settlements before the case goes to trial, as each side has a clearer understanding of the evidence and arguments that will be presented.

The other choices describe different aspects of legal proceedings but do not accurately capture the essence of discovery as obtaining evidence. Evidence review occurs later in the proceedings, negotiation is part of settlement discussions rather than the discovery process, and a court's ruling relates to decisions made after hearings rather than the pre-trial evidence gathering that defines discovery.